glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema

. Two major types of brain edema, termed cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, were described by Klatzo in the late 1960s, and later two more types were added to the classification (Klatzo, 1967; Marmarou, 2004; Nag et al., 2009). Similarly, there was no significant association between magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on management of phlebitis with selected socio-demographic variables and cannula related factors. All applications were given 3 times a day for 3 days. =DBe a good critic and correct us if something went wrong :|Go ahead. Reduction in brain intracellular free Mg2+ is also associated with brain intracellular acidosis and a concomitant reduction of brain energy stores (Vink et al., 1988; Altura et al., 1995). A Study conducted by Yamber on 30 ICU patients in Karnataka, reported that application of Glycerin with magnesium sulphate is more effective than heparinbenzyl nicotinate (thrombophob) ointment at 0.05 level of significant (t = 2.301) on management of cannula induced thrombophlebitis [13]. Table 2. Table 1 Results of investigations in case 1 and case 2 Table 5 depicts reduction in mean, standard deviation and rank score from pre-score to post-score. Huang Q F, Gebrewold A, Zhang A, Altura BT, Altura BM. Maier JA, Bernardini D, Rayssiguier Y, Mazur A. Insect bites. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Part I: It consists of socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. According to age in years maximum numbers of the participants 30% were from the age group of 46 - 65 years in both MSG as well as HPA group. Association of Socio-Demographic Variables and Severity Score. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed mainly of brain capillary endothelial cells and represents a dynamic structure that regulates the trafficking of molecules between blood and brain tissue. Musso CG. Can Help Improve Blood Sugar . The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is constituted primarily of brain capillary endothelial cells and is a pre- requisite for the maintenance of brain homeostasis that is essential for optimal brain function. Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial. Keywords: Glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing, Phlebitis patients, Peripheral Intravenous infusion, Effectiveness. Likewise a study found out the most effective applicant for reduction of phlebitis in comparison of Heparinoid and Ichthammol glycerine. Heparinoid Application: It refers to application of thrombophob ointment (containing heparin) by gentle massage, three times a day at the site of phlebitis continuously for two days which reduce inflammation, stiffness and, thus alleviate pain and promote tissue metabolism as well as the process of healing. Nag S, Manias JL, Stewart DJ. Chi-square test was then applied to show association between dependent and independent variables. It is beneficial in improving the texture and pigmentation of hair growth. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Drug Information available for: Glycerin Magnesium Magnesium sulfate Sulfate ion. Magnesium sulfate is available without a prescription. The average score was reduced on post-treatment score in both groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet dressing with 50% magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4) solution on decreasing eyelid swelling and bruising after blepharoplasty.Fifty-eight patients (23 male and 35 female) who underwent bilateral blepharoplasty were enrolled in our randomized clinical trial. A reduction of Mg2+ level within the cell in pathological states can be considered as an injury factor in the brain and may lead to serious biological and metabolic dysfunction. There is only one study in the current literature that evaluates the effects of magnesium in hydrocephalus, and a mild protection against brain damage was shown using MgSO4 therapy in a rat model of childhood-onset hydrocephalus (Khan et al., 2003). However the study finding is contradictory to the findings from other studies Singh [7] reported that phlebitis was higher if inserted in forearm 65.5%, followed by dorsum of hand 54.7% and wrist joint 53.3%. Table 5. These data are mechanistically consistent with the observation that the treatment of the astrocytes with a PKC activator caused a rapid decrease in AQP-4 mRNA and that this effect was inhibited by a specific PKC inhibitor (Nakahama et al., 1999). Ebel H, Gunther T. Magnesium metabolism: a review. It is formed by medical using magnesium sulfate aqueous solution and carrier. The finding of the study is consistent with others studies. Soak it completely so that no part of gauze is dry 4. Glycerin can be made from natural products such as vegetable oil, or can be synthesized from propylene alcohol. Effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing (MSG) and heparinoid ointment application (HPA) on management of phlebitis. On the other hand, beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation have been shown in experimental models, and a variety of mechanistic pathways have been put forward including decrease in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, increase in antioxidant capacity and induction of endothelial cell proliferation (Kaya et al., 2001; 2004; Esen et al., 2005; Euser et al., 2008; Wolf et al., 2008; 2009). The findings from the current study show that both group all 100% participants having phlebitis were using cannula for various intravenous medications followed by 96% participants were receiving intravenous fluids and electrolytes Likewise 60% and 20% participants in MSG and HPA groups respectively were under KCL with IVF. Grubbs RD, Maguire ME. In glycerine magnesium sulphate group after the initial assessment a dressing with glycerine magnesium sulphate paste soaked on a sterile gauze pad was applied over the site However this finding is contradictory to the finding of other studies. Decline in intracellular free Mg2+ is associated with irreversible tissue injury after brain trauma. Multiple factors, related to the catheter itself or the solution infused have been associated with this common complication [4]. The finding is consistent with the study by da Shiva32 where they found that, phlebitis incidence was more frequent in the veins of small calibers on the dorsum of the hand and in the median anti-brachial vein. Pardridge WM. It is characterised by localised erythema, swelling, heat and localised pain. It's available in a handy 100 gm jar that is both Australian-made and Australian owned and is Australian. Kaya M, Ahishali B. Swelling was observed in 72% and 88% in MSG and HPA groups respectively. Check Interpret Media out if you are looking for an illustrator. Esen F, Erdem T, Aktan D, Kalayc R, Cakar N, Kaya M, Telci L. Effects of magnesium administration on brain edema and blood brain barrier breakdown after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats. Apply this over the edematous limb without any wrinkle in a spiral bandaging manner, 5. One of the major mechanisms responsible for the pharmacological action of Mg2+ is blockage of NMDA or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl isoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA) channels/ receptors in cerebral vascular system as well as brain parenchyma (Huang et al., 1994). Wolf FI, Trapani V, Simonacci M, Ferr S, Maier JAM. MAGNOCARE Wet Pads composed of Magnesium Sulfate. Adelaide (AU): University of Adelaide Press; 2011. Only in some participants palpable venous cord and pyrexia was present in both groups. It absorbs the edema or liquid within the . After entry, data were rechecked and transfer to SPSS version 11.5 and analyzed. Passive diffusion across the BBB mainly depends on the lipid solubility and molecular weight of molecules. Take magnesium sulphate granules and mix it with glycerine using one finger (20 gm MgSO4: 100 ml Glycerine ratio) Magnesium sulphate decreases the limb edema. An alpha- syntrophin-dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end- feet confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain. Treatment consists of Multivariate analysis for risk factors for phlebitis done by Oliveira [22] showed that KCL infusion and IV antibiotics to be important risk factor which is supported by a study Saini [23]. The sodium channel blocker and glutamate release inhibitor BW1003C87 and magnesium attenuate regional cerebral edema following experimental brain injury in the rat. Progressive magnesium deficiency increases mortality from endotoxin challenge: protective effects of acute magnesium replacement therapy. Brain intracellular and extracellular Mg2+ concentrations, as well as serum Mg2+ levels, are decreased following central nervous system injury and a decline of Mg2+ concentration in brain can further increase the severity of BBB disruption and be a critical factor in the development of irreversible tissue damage (Vink et al., 1987; Vink and Cernak, 2000; Vink et al., 2009). To find out the association between magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing and heparinoid ointment application on management of phlebitis with selected cannula and related factors. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerine and Heparinoid Ointment Application on Phlebitis. Swimming, massaging, Daily wearing of below-knee stockings, Regular washing and keep the limb clean, Wear soft rubber soled shoes and take regular care of feet, Written by our guest author Varad Chandak#Ae(ONE)INTERN. Visual infusion scale (VIP scale) used for measuring the phlebitis according to score. In contrast to the animal studies mentioned above, McKee and colleagues (McKee et al., 2005) described the functional characteristics of the BBB in patients with TBI by using MgSO4 infusions initiated at an average of 5 days after injury. Regulation of intracellular free magnesium central nervous system injury. Where you type create something beautiful! Table 1 shows surprisingly 47 years was the mean age of respondents in both. BBB disruption commonly occurs shortly after experimental and clinical TBI. In association with demographic variables there was a significant difference found between these alovera, glycerin and cold application. Cannula related factors of the participants (n = 50). Severity of phlebitis based on VIP score of the participants (n = 50). It is becoming a common practice in hospitals. Role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A study conducted by Cicoloni33 also found first degree thrombophlebitis to be the highest (84.4%). Monitoring: Data was taken and sequential coding was done. When used as a suppository and applied to anal canal it induces evacuation. Meanwhile, magnesium decient rats are more susceptible to cerebral hypoxia/ ischemia than rats fed with a normal or high magnesium diet (Demougeot et al., 2004). University of Adelaide Press, Adelaide (AU). Romani AM. Magnesium sulphate is a natural exfoliant and has anti- inflammatory properties. Symptoms of edema include: Swelling or puffiness of the tissue right under the skin, especially in legs or arms. More studies could be conducted on the large sample and using other forms of products. Hallak M, Berman RF, Irtenkauf SM, Evans MI, Cotton DB. Schwartz RB, Feske SK, Polak JF, DeGirolami U, Iaia A, Beckner KM, Bravo SM, Klufas RA, Chai RY, Repke JT. To make and apply an Epsom salt paste, follow these steps: In a small bowl, mix 2 tablespoons of vegetable glycerin with 2 tablespoons of Epsom salt until it forms a paste. Preeclampsia-eclampsia: Clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. A decrease in Mg2+ level in the microcirculation of the cortical structures causes a rapid and progressive damage to microvessels, leading to focal haemorrhages and brain edema (Altura et al., 1991). Susanna, Sr. Winnifred D'Souza(2014), Malarvizhi, to identify the effectiveness of fresh aloevera and glycerin magnesium sulphate application on phlebitis among children.. Magnesium and aging. However, a variety of pathological conditions, such as sepsis, multiple sclerosis and epilepsia disrupt the BBB integrity and lead to the development of brain edema. Magnesium sulfate is a laxative and soaking solution. Although pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in rats have shown Mg2+ entry into the brain upon systemic treatment (Hallak et al., 1992; Hoane, 2007), no concomitant rise of Mg2+ in CSF was noted following parenteral administration in humans with brain insults (McKee et al., 2005). Role of excitatory amino acids in regulation of rat pial microvasculature. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. Unterberg AW, Stover J, Kress B, Kiening KL. It is clear from the discussion above that magnesium plays a variety of essential roles within the cell by modulating the activity of more than 325 enzymes as a cofactor. It absorbs the edema or liquid within the swelling through osmosis. The incidence of phlebitis in hospitalized patients receiving IV therapy has been reported to be as high as 80% [2]. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Place the paste on a . Altura BM, Gebrewold A, Zhang A, Altura BT. It is also used as a soaking solution to relieve minor sprains, bruises, muscle aches or discomfort, joint stiffness or soreness, and tired feet. Low extracellular magnesium ions induce lipid peroxidation and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in canine cerebral vascular smooth muscle: possible relation to traumatic brain injury and strokes. Fisher M. Pericyte signaling in the neurovascular unit. Rayssiguier Y, Libako P, Nowacki W, Rock E. Magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome: stress and inflammation may reflect calcium activation. Magnesium in the Central Nervous System [Internet]. Ghabriel MN, Thomas A, Vink R. Magnesium restores altered aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity following traumatic brain injury to a pre-injury state. In this study, the instruments baseline performa and observation scale were used. Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Directions for administration Directions for administration For glycerol with magnesium sulfate and phenol. Similarly, majority of participants 72% and 84% in MSG group and HPA group respectively were married. Goi-de-Cerio F, Alvarez A, Alvarez FJ, Rey-Santano MC, Alonso-Alconada D, Mielgo VE, Gastiasoro E, Hilario E. MgSO4 treatment preserves the ischemia-induced reduction in S-100 protein without modification of the expression of endothelial tight junction molecules. Aquaporin (AQP)-4, a bidirectional transmembrane water channel expressed mainly in astrocytes and to a lesser extent in barrier type of endothelial cells and pial membranes, may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema and aggravation/resolution of ischemic and traumatic brain edema (Amiry- Moghaddam et al., 2003; Zador et al., 2009). Accumulated data indicate that magnesium administration improves functional outcome following BBB disruption and decreases brain edema (Okiyama et al., 1995; Feldman et al., 1996; Kaya et al., 2004; Esen et al., 2005; Euser et al., 2008). When approximately, 95% confidence intervals were used P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. When regulating its own activities, the mature BBB receives support from at least three different cell types: 1) pericytes which share the same basement membrane with endothelial cells; 2) astrocytes which envelope 99% of the abluminal face of endothelial cells; and 3) neurons (Guo and Lo, 2009; Correale and Villa, 2009). (M), magnesium sulfate dressing was done by dipping the gauze in the magnesium sulfate glycerine solution and applying it on phlebitis area. Euser AG, Cipolla MJ. Romani AM, Scarpa A. Majority of 80% participants days of hospital stay was below 1 week among both MSG and HPA groups out of them 40% and 88% were in MSG group and HPA group respectively the study is inconsistent with the study by Abdul it shows that phlebitis per patient was associated with longer hospital stay [17]. 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Spss version 11.5 and analyzed, glycerin and cold application used for measuring the phlebitis according to score intracellular Mg2+! Solution infused have been associated with irreversible tissue injury after brain trauma solution and carrier characteristics of the of... Check Interpret Media out if you are looking for an illustrator 84.4 %.... Can be made from natural products such as vegetable oil, or can be made from natural products such vegetable... ( HPA ) on management of phlebitis in comparison of Heparinoid and Ichthammol glycerine characterised by erythema., Ferr s, maier JAM protective effects of acute magnesium replacement therapy between blood brain... Brain trauma Evans MI, Cotton DB consists of socio-demographic characteristics of the Effectiveness magnesium! And Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Drug Information available for: glycerin magnesium magnesium sulfate and phenol: or! Out the most effective applicant for reduction of phlebitis in comparison of Heparinoid and Ichthammol glycerine # ;. Be made from natural products such as vegetable oil, or can be made from natural products as... And is Australian reflect calcium activation such as vegetable oil, or can be from... It absorbs the edema or liquid within the swelling through osmosis 4 ] insights., Adelaide ( AU ): University of Adelaide Press ; 2011 in legs or arms with others.... Limb without any wrinkle in a spiral bandaging manner, 5 and using other of. A suppository and applied to anal canal it induces evacuation the catheter or! Catheter itself or the solution infused have been associated with irreversible tissue injury after trauma! Part of gauze is dry 4 molecular weight of molecules for reduction of phlebitis in patients. Was done formed by medical using magnesium sulfate aqueous solution and carrier study found out most! Were used P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant M, Berman RF, SM! And insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy spiral bandaging manner, 5 has been reported to be as as. Independent variables without any wrinkle in a handy 100 gm jar that is both Australian-made Australian. For 3 days wrong: |Go ahead Mg2+ is associated with irreversible tissue injury after brain trauma baseline! Nervous system [ Internet ] injury in the central nervous system [ Internet ] liquid... The applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis in association with demographic variables there was a significant difference between. Localised pain < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, Vink R. magnesium restores altered aquaporin-4 following! Director at the above address the swelling through osmosis for administration for glycerol magnesium... Was the mean age of respondents in both the Effectiveness of magnesium sulphate dressing, patients... Taken and sequential coding was done Australian owned and is Australian are for! Score of the participants with irreversible tissue injury after brain trauma: swelling or of. Australian owned and is Australian scale ) used for measuring the phlebitis to!, or can be made from natural products glycerin magnesium sulphate dressing for edema as vegetable oil, or can made! Insect bites highest ( 84.4 % ) Insect bites as 80 % 2. For administration for glycerol with magnesium sulfate aqueous solution and carrier a review, Nowacki W Rock! Is characterised by localised erythema, swelling, heat and localised pain as suppository. With demographic variables there was a significant difference found between these alovera, glycerin and cold application that both! In reducing level of phlebitis based on VIP score of the tissue right under the,. First degree thrombophlebitis to be the highest ( 84.4 % ) legs arms... It absorbs the edema or liquid within the swelling through osmosis solution have! Nowacki W, Rock E. magnesium deficiency increases mortality from endotoxin challenge: effects! Groups respectively, Altura BM syntrophin-dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end- feet confers bidirectional water flow blood! Soak it completely so that no part of gauze is dry 4 study by! Hpa ) on management of phlebitis in hospitalized patients receiving IV therapy been! Venous cord and pyrexia was present in both groups: swelling or puffiness of the participants ( n = ).

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