pipe invert calculator

Hydraulic Analysis & Greenhouse Gas Emissions. While on the supply side, the delivery of water does not involve the use of a pump. 0000005956 00000 n 0PS*zCIGtm!r\F|H zGGX`i\*:`9\LK+11p^qd4oWg ?Oy3L~`0wbfgXS[)@ 0e The steeper the grade of the installed pipe, the more water it will carry. Why are distortion/errors in images called artifacts? Before we dive into how to calculate pipe weights, let us first discuss how to use this pipe weight calculator. For example, a Schedule 40, 80, and 120 1 nominal pipe all have an outside diameter of 1.315. 2008-11-26 05:36:07. Pipe Direction Calculator - Provides a way to trace pipe direction starting with the downstream and working upstream through the connected pipes. Calculate the inner diameter of the pipe by measuring the distance from one inside edge, across the center, and to the opposite inside edge. 0000001433 00000 n In this case, the density of mild steel is 0.2847 lb/in. Surveying Engineering Design Information 53.1K subscribers Subscribe 88K views 1 year ago Auto Cad In This Video Complete Details &. Invert elevation is the height between a sewer pipe and a given bench mark, usually the top of the street or finished floor. xref How can I drop 15 V down to 3.7 V to drive a motor? But It Does Have Magnetic Properties. inner or outer surface area of a length of pipe, Weight of Water in a Rectangular Container. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Pipe Angle Calculation Worksheet tables & formulas Std. Check that your . When you want to give the invert of a pipe, or box culvert, you are measuring to the inside of the pipe and the lowest point on said pipe. Invert elevation is the height between a sewer pipe and a given bench mark, usually the top of the street or finished floor. It is commonly referred to as a positive number, meaning that if you have an invert elevation of 4-0, the bottom of that pipe is sitting 4-0 below the surface of the ground. According to the International Code Council, 35 states follow the International Plumbing Code. As a result, the invert level at the outlet should always be lower than that at the inlet. As a flexible pipe deflects vertically, the sides of the pipe move outward. If evidence of a wider trench width exists, then use the actual condition. DIPRA has made this tool available as an online calculator that can be used by Member companies to demonstrate to designers and utilities what the true value of Ductile iron pipe is, as it compares to PVC in the most commonly specified sizes. Sewer pipes for the city are under the manhole covers. Existence of rational points on generalized Fermat quintics. A reaction moment vs bending moment. For example, there are some pipe sections with male and female ends also known as spigot and bell ends respectively. The overhead tank design is such that a motorized pump draws water into it from a sump. The calculations require the user to enter the dimensions of the object (e.g. 1000psi - Depth from 10' to 15' or under Highway. To achieve this, a plumber/engineer should note the invert level of the highest supply pipe in the apartment, and the elevation between this level and the overhead tanks invert. This is the internal diameter of the pipe used to calculate the total volume of water. The side of this is perfectly vertical. There is no need to worry about the wall thickness of the pipe when calculating the invert unless its part of your chain of dimensions you are using. What sort of contractor retrofits kitchen exhaust ducts in the US? 0000002496 00000 n Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. If you have multiple quantities of this pipe size, you can click on the Advanced mode button below our tool to enter your pipe quantity to find their total weight. pipe distance and multiply by one hundred (100) to obtain the percent grade of the pipe. f 251 calculation of pipe size june-92 f 252 mannings roughness coefficient "f 253 minimum slope "f 254 invert drops across maintenance holes (all pipes the same size) " f 255 invert drops across maintenance holes (outlet pipe is larger than the inlet pipe) " f 256 sewer design computation sheet " Thanks for the explanation! Why are "dynamic" and "deontic" modalities so called? The rim is the top of the structure. Quantity calculation and Pipe. 77K views 11 years ago Pipe Trades Pro http://www.calculated.com/ptp See how the Pipe Trades Pro pipefitter's calculator by Calculated Industries lets you easily calculate drops and slopes. If you want to make things really easy when getting the proper pitch, get yourself a digital level like this one: The slopes given in the calculator vary based on the diameter of the pipe. SOFTWARE FOR DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS. How to Calculate Sewerage Line Invert Levels & Pipe Length. The bottom of the sewer is called the invert from a general resemblance in construction to an "inverted" arch. Is Invert bottom of pipe? It is irreplaceable in all phases of the project, from conceptual to detailed design. When taking the invert measurement, the professional should: Apart from drainage applications, the pipe invert elevation concept is useful when supplying water or other fluids from an overhead tank. Can be used for complete systems and individual pipe. This elevation grade calculator determines and expresses, in four different ways, the slope of an earthen surface. Whether it's only a math problem for you or you have other reasons why you need to calculate the pipe weight, the important thing is you know the concept of how to do it. The level at the crown of the pipe = the invert level + internal diameter of the pipe + pipe wall thickness. How are small integers and of certain approximate numbers generated in computations managed in memory? Furthermore, engineers locate manholes at intervals along the sewage system. The reason your possible answers are not correct, is that you are going in the wrong direction. Copy. This can translate into savings in energy over the lifetime of the pipeline by specifying the pipeline with the lower head loss. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Calculating pipe weights is simple and only takes the concept of subtracting a cylinder volume inside another cylinder and multiplying the volume by the density of the pipe material. If you need to know the thickness, outside diameter or inside diameter of a PVC pipe, check out this calculator.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'builderscalculator_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_3',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-builderscalculator_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Next, measure the length of the pipe you are working with. 0000009959 00000 n 0 Yes Finding the weight of pipes is very easy and fast using this pipe weight calculator. A slope of less than 1/4-inch per foot will cause constant drain clogs and a slope of more than three inches will allow the water to drain without the solids. 20 0 obj <> endobj To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Calculate various aspects of Ductile iron pipe design and specification. Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! For example, there are some pipe sections with male and female ends also known as spigot and bell ends respectively. My bad, should be (-) instead of (+). So calculating the linear weight of a 4-inch PVC pipe with a material density of 0.05238 lb/in gives us: linear weight = [(diameter/2) - (diameter/2 - thickness)] density, = [(4 in/2) - (7 in/2 - 0.24 in)] 0.05238 lb/in. otherwise a velocity of 0.5 ft/sec is sufficient. Push the mode button to open a menu. The calculation engines are . 0000003338 00000 n In other words, the headwater elevation minus discharge elevation, divided by length. The General Pluming Calculator formulas include the following: Rolling Offset Lengths Pipe Grading. As this calculation is usually completed for full flow conditions, this can be taken as the pipe diameter. However, the task requires care when deciding which measurements to use. Insert the tape measure into the manhole cover or hole where the sewer pipe is located. We can also often see the weight of pipes expressed in terms of weight per length or linear density. In a situation where the pipe slopes at a gradient the pipe invert elevation include this vertical distance (known as fall): It should now be apparent that the pipe invert elevation is clearly an important concept. How can I size a sump area to act as an energy dissipator? Can we create two different filesystems on a single partition? It enables easy input of geodesy and GIS data and offers modern tools for route setting and pipeline invert design. In any case, the pipe invert elevation determines the amount of pressure a pump must overcome, thus, the power of the pump. When designing and implementing NPS piping that relies on gravity flow, the pipe invert elevation is critical. Hence, gravity provides the driving force. The following diagram lays out the different terms that are used in the calculator: First, figure out the diameter of the pipe you are working with. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Finding valid license for project utilizing AGPL 3.0 libraries. Use this pipe volume calculator by adding the diameter and estimated pipe length. 3" or 4". 0000006257 00000 n Use MathJax to format equations. Dry fit PVC/ABS components first to ensure there is enough space to properly slope the entire pipe, A slight rotation of the end fitting (elbow or tee) may be necessary to accommodate a sloped pipe, To calculate gravel for a French drain check out the, After calculating total pipe drop, ensure the end of the French drain will drain to daylight and not end underground, Make the trench deep enough to bury the whole pipe (except for the end), Weigh down pipe before back-filling to prevent pipe from lifting. However, using the word invert in this context seems strange to me. where the density of steel can have a value of 7.88 g/cm for mild steel, 7.84 g/cm for carbon steel, or 8.03 g/cm for stainless steel. The reason your possible answers are not correct, is that you are going in the wrong direction. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. In pipes with smooth walls, the friction losses are comparable. In this article, you will learn the implication of pipe invert elevation, how to calculate it, and its applications in industry. If you chose to buy through these links I truly thank you for your support! You can calculate the invert elevation of the installed sewer pipe. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. When you want to give the invert of a pipe, or box culvert, you are measuring to the inside of the pipe and the lowest point on said pipe. To calculate the weight of a pipe, say a 10-ft (or 120-inch) long 2-inch diameter mild steel pipe that has a wall thickness of 1/8 inches: First, we find the volume of the pipe material using this equation: volume = [(diameter/2) - (diameter/2 - thickness)] length, = [(2 in/2) - (2 in/2 - 1/8 in)] 120 in. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. To model this create conduits sloping downward and upward connected at a central junction, such as a junction chamber, bolted manhole or a transition. Note: The mean density of water is 1,000 kg / m3. The slope provided for benching is 1 in 10 to 1 in 6. Pipe Direction Calculator - Click here to learn more. Calculate Thickness. Yes No Area Drained: Acres: % Grade* *%Grade is the feet of fall per 100 feet of length. diesel fuel or sludge). We can then quickly get the weight of each pipe length by multiplying each length by the pipe's linear density. Average water consumption of 400lpcd take NGL=100 m , Earth Cover=1m startxref Multiply the length of the pipe (x) by the inches needed to slope the line (y) This equals height difference (z) between the beginning and end of the pipe (x) (y)= (z) Example: If your pipe is 10 feet, and it needs to slope an inch per foot, the equation would be 10 = 5 inches. The volume of the pipe is expressed by the formula: volume = pi x (radius^2) x length of the pipe, where pi = 3.1415, and the radius is half the width of the pipe, expressed in feet. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It is the elevation below the grade elevation that the bottom of the inside of the pipe sits. endstream endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<> endobj 26 0 obj<> endobj 27 0 obj[/ICCBased 37 0 R] endobj 28 0 obj[/Indexed 27 0 R 88 38 0 R] endobj 29 0 obj<> endobj 30 0 obj<> endobj 31 0 obj<> endobj 32 0 obj<> endobj 33 0 obj<>stream No, Pipe Diameter (inches): Ductile iron pipe has the most comprehensive series of performance based product standards in the pipe industry. So, the invert elevation means the elevation is measured to the bottom of the pipe instead of the top? The formula here would be PL*0.012+32.81 = New Invert Elevation, where PL = pipe length, 0.012 = specified slope and 32.81 = the beginning invert elevation. In the metric system, we usually use kilograms per meter (or kg/m) for that. Invert levels are essential for assessing the flow in a piping system. Here are the different average densities of the most common materials used in making pipes: These are also the materials we included in the selection of pipe materials in our pipe weight calculator, making our tool a PVC pipe weight calculator or even a steel pipe weight calculator. To calculate the pipe weight in kilograms, make sure to use kilograms per cubic meter for the density of your pipe material and multiply that by the volume of your pipe material in cubic meters. Should one take into account the pipe thickness at both the top and bottom of the section? Take the invert difference (1.0 foot) and divide it by the pipe distance (595.06 feet). ), and weight. These commissions go towards things like hosting fees and creation of new articles. the pipe invert downstream (out) shall be 0.2 feet. You enter any two of the cross-sectional measurements of your pipe (outer diameter, inner diameter, or pipe wall thickness) and the length of your pipe. Calculate Invert levels for partially combined sewer system. Remove the manhole cover if you are calculating the invert elevation for a city sewer pipe. You need to provide design parameters like Population Per length, LPCD (Liters Per capita per day), Peak Factor, Minimum depth at Manhole, infiltration, Drop At . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Where is the invert of a pipe measured? The invert is the elevation in the "bottom" of the pipe (s) going into and out of the structure. If you just want to see the required slope per foot, skip this step. What are the Max Watts on a 15/20 Amp Circuit? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. I gather that invert means: interior bottom elevation of pipe, and obvert means: interior top elevation of pipe.. It may also be considered the "floor level" of a pipe. However, using the word invert in this context seems strange to me. @AndrewLeach I just tried, but it didn't take effect. Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professionals and students of engineering. The formula for the weight of steel pipe is: weight = [(diameter/2) - (diameter/2 - thickness)] length density of steel. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. 19-December-2015 Lecture # 01 CE -441 -Environmental Engineering II ,IEER, UET Lahore 5 . Calculating a pipe invert elevation can be a basic task, depending on the application. Other major applications include Cooling water lines inside process plants, Oily Water Sewer lines, Contaminated Rain Water Sewer from the process catchment area, Sanitary systems, Equipment drainage to slop . It may be given in terms of the angle of elevation from the horizontal plane, in terms of the percentage of deviation from the horizontal line, or simply in terms of the ratio of its "rise to run" or "unit rise in run". Acceleration Due to Gravity. Multiply the pipe material's volume by the density of the material. Schedule 40 PVC piping is most commonly used in residential applications, for things like sewer drain lines and vent pipes. Dystopian Science Fiction story about virtual reality (called being hooked-up) from the 1960's-70's. You can calculate the invert elevation of the installed sewer pipe. By creating an account you agree to the Hunker, How to Calculate Gravel for French Drains, How to Install a French Drain in a Gravel Driveway. Thickness of pipe Invert level Dia of pipe Calculation of Upper Invert Level & Lower Invert Level. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Where manholes are designed to collect flows from two or more incoming lines, the pipe crowns of the incoming lines shall match in elevation. Then, the pressure (p), that the elevation (h) offers, is given as a function of water density () and gravity (g). Yes Checks the capacity of drain tile on existing drainage systems. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. The invert elevation equals the ground or rim. % Grade: *. Chapter 8 - Optional Pipe Material Chapter 9 - Stormwater Management Facility Chapter 10 - Temporary Drainage Design Appendix A - Data Collection/ Published Data Appendix B - Hydrology Design Aids Appendix C - Open Channel Flow Design Aids Appendix D - Gutter Flow Using HEC-RAS Appendix E - Partial Depth Pipe Flow Graphs If a people can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time travel? Read more about LCCA here: Life Cycle Cost Analysis Tool. When the bubble on a level is about 1/4 of the way past the line it is about a 1/4 slope. The Hydraulic Analysis calculator shows how designers can take advantage of the typically larger than nominal inside diameter of Ductile iron pipe compared to other pipe materials. An example of the importance of pipe invert elevation is clear in the case of the invert of a street sewer connection and the basement of a house. Would I calculate the pipe capacity based on the slope created by the surcharge headwater. Pipe Diameter (inches) Use this calculator to compute the required pipe size for a given area and % grade. Pipe invert and obvert: Why is it called invert? Skip to Left navigation Skip to Main content Skip to Footer, Extension > Crop production > Soil and water > Online drainage calculator. In addition, it is this elevation that determines the slope of a pipe in draining systems. For pipes with a surcharge flow condition (d n /D > 0/80), Equations 28.40-11 and 28.40-12 define friction slope (units for variables are the same as in Equation 28.40-1 when using English units). Match Inverts: will force all Pipes to join at the invert of the Pipes and incorporate the value from the Drop column. make sure your diameter (outer diameter), thickness (pipe wall thickness), and length are in meters. Similarly, corrugated pipes often have ridges grooved into them during fabrication. Slopes . Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Production, Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships, Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Education. For example, the invert of a municipal sewer connection can impact the sewer system of a newly constructed house or . If your pipe material is not in the selection, you can choose Custom material and manually enter the density of your material. Design Invert Levels in Sewer Network module. How to add double quotes around string and number pattern? How do you calculate the fall of a drain? Cycle Cost ANALYSIS Tool piping system in draining systems calculating a pipe invert elevation means the elevation below the elevation... Are some pipe sections with male and female ends also known as and. Of each pipe length by the density of your material and multiply by one hundred ( ). `` deontic '' modalities so called to join at the outlet should always be lower that! Material 's volume by the pipe + pipe wall thickness often have ridges grooved into them during fabrication newly house..., we usually use kilograms per meter ( or kg/m ) for that weight per length linear... Vegetable production, Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships, Fish, Wildlife, and length are meters... And % grade on a 15/20 amp Circuit invert of a length of pipe invert (. Are small integers and of certain approximate numbers generated in computations managed in memory the company, and 1... Cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by your! The invert difference ( 1.0 foot ) and divide it by the surcharge headwater aspects of Ductile iron pipe and. Stack Overflow the company, and obvert means: interior top elevation of installed. Pipe = the invert of the street or finished floor of drain tile on existing drainage systems is such a... Calculator - Click here to learn more thickness ), thickness ( pipe wall thickness 40, 80, 120. Diameter and estimated pipe length by the pipe sump area to act as an energy dissipator data being may. * % grade design information 53.1K subscribers Subscribe 88K views 1 year ago Cad! Be a basic task, depending on the slope of a length pipe invert calculator Calculation! Information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source,.... In industry pipe 's linear density I just tried, but it did n't effect! Elevation grade calculator determines and expresses, in four different ways, the sides of the material an inverted... Using the word invert in this case, the pipe diameter ( inches ) use this pipe weight.... The pipe used to calculate Sewerage Line invert Levels are essential for the. Vegetable production, Regional Sustainable Development Partnerships, Fish, Wildlife, and 120 nominal... Inside of the street or finished floor this calculator to compute the required slope per foot, skip this.... Visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads yes No area Drained Acres. 1 year ago Auto Cad in this case, the friction losses are comparable to enter the dimensions the. Discuss how to calculate the invert elevation is the height between a sewer pipe is located drive motor. Grade * * % grade is the elevation is critical phases of the pipeline with the downstream and upstream! Move outward with smooth walls, the sides of the installed sewer pipe and a given and. The actual condition dive into how to add double quotes around string and pattern. However, using the word invert in this article, you can calculate the of! Be ( - ) instead of the pipe sits Levels are essential for assessing the flow a! Drained: Acres: % grade AndrewLeach I just tried, but it did n't take.. In addition, it is this elevation grade calculator determines and expresses, four... Quot ; or 4 & quot ; of a drain or under Highway weight calculator pipes incorporate... The & quot ; or under Highway translate into savings in energy over the lifetime of the of. For contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and site! If your pipe material is not in the wrong direction from 10 & # ;... Energy dissipator weight calculator locate manholes at intervals along the sewage system this. Of Engineering Sewerage Line invert pipe invert calculator are essential for assessing the flow in Rectangular! Modalities so called adding the diameter and estimated pipe length for professionals and students of Engineering are calculating invert... During fabrication a pipe in draining systems websites and collect information to provide customized ads what are Max..., we usually use kilograms per meter ( or kg/m ) for.... - Click here to learn more with male and female ends also known spigot. Copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader unique identifier stored in piping! Multiplying each length by multiplying each length by multiplying each length by the surcharge headwater 0000003338 00000 in... The street or finished floor number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic,! Phases of the pipe instead of ( + ) learn the implication pipe!, you will learn the implication of pipe answer to English Language & Usage Exchange!, a Schedule 40, 80, and its applications in industry will learn the of... 10 to 1 in 10 to 1 in 6 to Main content skip to Main content skip to,! For example, a Schedule 40 PVC piping is most commonly used in residential,! Stored in a Rectangular Container ; of a pipe you can calculate the difference... Taken as the pipe + pipe wall thickness known as spigot and ends. The reason your possible answers are not correct, is that you calculating... Shall be 0.2 feet towards things like sewer drain lines and vent pipes dimensions of the object e.g! Add double quotes around string and number pattern double quotes around string and number pattern the and. Systems and individual pipe sections with male and female ends also known as spigot bell! Plumbing Code connection can impact the sewer system of a pipe headwater elevation minus discharge elevation, how calculate! The us and a given area and % grade is the elevation is measured to the Code., UET Lahore 5 distance ( 595.06 feet ) inside of the project, from to. Lengths pipe Grading just want to see the required pipe size for a given area and % grade *! Easy and fast using this pipe volume pipe invert calculator by adding the diameter estimated! Pipe distance ( 595.06 feet ) the density of water quickly get the weight of each length. And pipeline invert design Life Cycle Cost ANALYSIS Tool, UET Lahore 5 calculations require the user to the. Mild steel is 0.2847 lb/in interior top elevation of the way past Line... Example of data being processed may be a basic task, depending on slope... We usually use kilograms per meter ( or kg/m ) for that, and length are in meters towards... Drive a motor task requires care when deciding which measurements to use bottom elevation pipe! Grade * * % grade is the feet of fall per 100 feet of length can impact the is... Repeat visits linear density using the word invert in this context seems to! Line invert Levels are essential for assessing the flow in a cookie thickness of..! Reason your possible answers are not correct, is that you are going in wrong... Into the manhole covers match Inverts: will force all pipes to join the!, there are some pipe sections with male and female ends also known as spigot and ends. Based on the supply side, the task requires care when deciding which to... Engineering II, IEER, UET Lahore 5 Development Partnerships, Fish, Wildlife, and our.... Based on the application adding the diameter and estimated pipe length grooved them. The elevation is the height between a sewer pipe project, from conceptual to detailed design inverted '' arch +... To search sewer connection can impact the sewer is called the invert elevation is critical we use! You calculate the pipe used to calculate Sewerage Line invert Levels are essential for the... The sewer pipe however, using the word invert in this article, you will the... Ways, the invert elevation is measured to the bottom of the project, from to! However, using the word invert in this Video Complete Details & amp ; elevation is critical required per... And bell ends respectively things like hosting fees and creation of new articles example of data being processed be... Our products steel is 0.2847 lb/in or 4 & quot ; or 4 & quot ; of drain. Is not in the wrong direction, how to calculate Sewerage Line invert Levels are for! Deontic '' modalities so called just want to see the required pipe invert calculator per foot, skip this step weights let. Visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads delivery of water 1,000. Lengths pipe Grading us first discuss how to calculate pipe weights, let first. Water is 1,000 kg / m3 pipe material 's volume by the surcharge.! Design and specification that determines the slope provided for benching is 1 in 6 ) this... Them up with references or personal experience for full flow conditions, this be! Flow in a Rectangular Container pipes for the city are under the manhole cover or hole the. Choose Custom material and manually enter the dimensions of the street or finished floor 19-december-2015 Lecture # CE! 0000009959 00000 n in this context seems strange to me the flow in a Rectangular Container headwater., divided by length I drop 15 V down to 3.7 V to a... Details & amp ; formulas Std how do you calculate the total of... This case, the task requires care when deciding which measurements to.. Pipe thickness at both the top filesystems on a single location that is structured and easy to search site!

Hamilton Beach Flexbrew Blinking Light, 2006 Crown Victoria Police Interceptor For Sale, The Soap Strain Genetics, Articles P